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What is Endometriosis? How Is It Treated?

 


When the endometrium, the tissue that lies in the innermost of the uterus, starts to grow outside the womb, it is known as endometriosis. Severe menstrual cramps and pelvic pain can result from bleeding and inflammation due to menstrual tissue outside the womb. Therefore, the most frequent cause of excruciatingly painful periods is endometriosis. Through this guide, we will take a closer look at the different types of endometriosis, its symptoms and causes, and different options available for endometriosis treatment in Mumbai. 

What are the Different Types of Endometriosis? 

Depending on where it occurs, endometriosis can be classified into three types:

  • Superficial peritoneal endometriosis: This kind is found on the inside of the pelvic lining and is only visible during surgery. It does not rule out superficial peritoneal endometriosis with a normal MRI or ultrasound. 

  • Endometriomas: These are ovarian cysts filled with fluid, usually dark brown in color. They are sometimes called "chocolate cysts." These are the most prevalent type of endometriosis and can be found on a pelvic ultrasound.

  • Deep infiltrating endometriosis: This is the growth of endometrial tissue beneath the peritoneum. It may affect the rectum, bowel, or bladder, which are organs close to the uterus.

What are the Symptoms of Endometriosis? 

Menstrual pain is the most common sign of endometriosis. Women suffering from endometriosis may also exhibit the following symptoms: 

  • Unusual menstrual staining and intermenstrual bleeding

  • Severe menstrual bleeding

  • Painful sex 

  • Nausea, vomiting, or bloating in the abdomen during periods 

  • Symptoms of irritable bowel

  • Painful urination 

  • Symptoms of chronic fatigue

  • Persistent pelvic pain

Are you experiencing any such signs? Seek help from a renowned gynecologist in Mumbai to get an effective treatment for endometriosis. 

What Causes Endometriosis? 

It's still unclear what exactly causes endometriosis. The following are common causes as to why endometriosis occurs:

  • Retrograde menstruation theory: Endometriosis is caused by the backflow of menstrual blood, which brings the menstrual tissue to the peritoneal cavity via the fallopian tubes.

  • Cell change: Endometriosis results from the conversion of peritoneal or stem cells outside the womb to menstrual tissue.

  • Epigenetic immunologic theory: Endometriosis develops outside the womb as a result of immune response or genetic programming.

How is Endometriosis Treated? 

1. Pain Medications: To help with uncomfortable menstrual cramps, a doctor could recommend using an over-the-counter reliever, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines.

2. Hormonal Therapy: Endometrial implants thicken, degrade, and bleed as a result of the hormonal imbalance that occurs throughout the menstrual cycle. Supplemental hormones can prevent the development of new implants, and limit the growth of endometrial tissue. Hormonal contraceptives can reduce pain in patients suffering from endometriosis. 

3. Treatment with Progestin: In order to alleviate the signs and symptoms of endometriosis, a number of progestin treatments, such as an intrauterine device containing levonorgestrel, a contraceptive implant, a contraceptive injection, or a progestin tablet, can stop menstruation and the formation of endometrial implants.

4. Aromatase Inhibitors:  This aids in lowering the body's estrogen levels. To treat endometriosis, a doctor could prescribe an aromatase inhibitor in addition to a progestin or combination hormonal contraceptive. 

5. Conservative Surgery: By removing the endometriosis implants while leaving the uterus and ovaries intact, surgery may improve the chances of conception for endometriosis patients who want to become pregnant.

6. Fertility Treatment: Endometriosis can cause difficulty for women in becoming pregnant. In such a scenario, a gynaecologist recommends fertility treatments. 

7. Hysterectomy With Removal of Ovaries: Hysterectomy i.e. removal of uterus was considered an effective treatment for endometriosis. However, removing the ovaries can lead to menopause. An early menopause increases risk of cardiovascular diseases. To treat symptoms that are linked with endometriosis, such as heavy menstrual bleeding and painful periods, hysterectomy can be performed especially for the ones who do not wish to become pregnant. 

How Can Endometriosis Be Prevented?

An anti-inflammatory lifestyle can help lessen the effects of endometriosis because it is an inflammatory condition. This includes:

  • Frequent aerobic exercise three times a week

  • Consuming an abundance of vibrant fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids

  • Not consuming processed foods and red meat

  • Cutting back on alcohol and gluten

  • Avoiding smoking 

Consult the top gynaecologist to get treated for endometriosis 

If you are dealing with endometriosis, you must get treated right away. For this, you can consider consulting  Dr. Chaitali Mahajan Trivedi, the best gynaecologist in Mumbai at Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital. She will recommend an ultrasound, pelvic exam, MRI, laparoscopy, etc., to confirm the diagnosis and then recommend the most suitable treatment for endometriosis. To consult Dr. Chaitali Mahajan Trivedi, visit Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital. 
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